Establishment of green graphite industry: Graphite from biomass and its various applications

Resource- and energy-efficient biomass exploitation for green graphite production is one of the most effective strategies satisfying demand while minimizing energy consumption carbon emissions. This study investigated from waste its applications to establish a industry. Biomass pyrolysis catalytic graphitization biochar were studied first produce graphite. The optimized exhibited reversible capacity 264 mA h/g 97% retention over 100 cycles in half-cell. Green electrodes with resistivity lower than 5 μΩ m fabricated by using organic fraction bio-oil as binder. Other applications, including printing, conductive pencils, refractories, also achieved. overall process anode electrode synthesis short-rotation crops was modeled. Approx. 95 kg battery or 109 metallurgical can be produced per ton low primary footprint. Prominently, modeling result life cycle assessment demonstrated that, waste, net-negative-CO2 emissions (−0.57 CO2-eq/kg powders) net-negative-primary (−28.31 MJ/kg